Pathway Bronkitis

Pathway Bronkitis. PATHWAY D MANIFESTAS KLINIS Menurut Ngastiyah (2003) gambaran klinik dari bronkitis biasanya dimulai dengan tandatanda infeksi saluran nafas akut atas yang disebabkan oleh virus batuk mulamula kering setelah 2 atau 3 hari batuk mulai berdahak dan menimbulkan suara lendir.

OverviewSymptomsCausesRisk FactorsComplicationsPreventionBronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes which carry air to and from your lungs People who have bronchitis often cough up thickened mucus which can be discolored Bronchitis may be either acute or chronic Often developing from a cold or other respiratory infection acute bronchitis is very common Chronic bronchitis a more serious condition is a constant irritation or inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes often due to smoking Acute bronchitis also called a chest cold usually improves within a week to 10 days without lasting effects although the cough may linger for weeks However if you have repeated bouts of bronchitis you may have chronic bronchitis which requires medical attention Chronic bronchitis is one of the conditions included in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) For either acute bronchitis or chronic bronchitis signs and symptoms may include 1 Cough 2 Production of mucus (sputum) which can be clear white yellowishgray or green in color — rarely it may be streaked with blood 3 Fatigue 4 Shortness of breath 5 Slight fever and chills 6 Chest discomfort If you have acute bronchitis you might have cold symptoms such as a mild headache or body aches While these symptoms usually improve in about a week you may have a nagging cough that lingers for several weeks Chronic bronchitis is defined as a productive cough that lasts at least three months with recurring bouts occurring for at least two consecutive years If you have chronic bronchitis you&#39re likely to have periods when your cough or other symptoms worsen At those times you may have an acute infection on top of chronic bronchitis Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses typically the same viruses that cause colds and flu (influenza) Antibiotics don&#39t kill viruses so this type of medication isn&#39t useful in most cases of bronchitis The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is cigarette smoking Air pollution and dust or toxic gases in the environment or workplace also can contribute to the condition Factors that increase your risk of bronchitis include 1 Cigarette smokePeople who smoke or who live with a smoker are at higher risk of both acute bronchitis and chronic bronchitis 2 Low resistanceThis may result from another acute illness such as a cold or from a chronic condition that compromises your immune system Older adults infants and young children have greater vulnerability to infection 3 Exposure to irritants on the jobYour risk of developing bronchitis is greater if you work around certain lung irritants such as grains or textiles or are exposed to chemical fumes 4 Gastric refluxRepeated bouts of severe heartburn can irritate your throat and make you more prone to developing bronchitis Although a single episode of bronchitis usually isn&#39t cause for concern it can lead to pneumonia in some people Repeated bouts of bronchitis however may mean that you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) To reduce your risk of bronchitis follow these tips 1 Avoid cigarette smokeCigarette smoke increases your risk of chronic bronchitis 2 Get vaccinatedMany cases of acute bronchitis result from influenza a virus Getting a yearly flu vaccine can help protect you from getting the flu You may also want to consider vaccination that protects against some types of pneumonia 3 Wash your handsTo reduce your risk of catching a viral infection wash your hands frequently and get in the habit of using alcoholbased hand sanitizers 4 Wear a surgical maskIf you have COPD you might consider wearing a face mask at work if you&#39re exposed to dust or fumes and when you&#39re going to be among crowds such as while traveling.

Pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis PubMed

Inflammation of the central airways is a prominent feature in subjects with chronic bronchitis The pathology of chronic bronchitis includes an inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltrate in the airway wall and a neutrophil influx into the airway lumen The molecular events that produce the inflammatio Author J R HoidalCited by Publish Year 1994.

Bronchitis Symptoms and causes Mayo Clinic

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